AST-1553 Remove IDG from Ubuntu 20 build; Add Ubuntu 24 build

• Since IDG no longer supports Ubuntu 20 (it uses CMake 3.17, while Ubuntu 20 has CMake 3.16), remove it from the Ubuntu 20 CI build.
• Add a basic Ubuntu 24 build on CI.

docker/ubuntu_22_04_base

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ FROM ubuntu:22.04
 # TODO: needs to be bumped before next DP3 release
 # ENV IDG_VERSION=0.8
 ENV EVERYBEAM_VERSION=v0.5.8
-ENV IDG_VERSION=6b61c038883ad3f807d20047c4f9e1a1f0b8d98a
+ENV IDG_VERSION=9ce6fa88b9d746d8d7146c474992aba9b98eb41f
 ENV AOFLAGGER_VERSION=b1256de90b00a5a83477274390decd6671cdcd38
 
 RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND="noninteractive" && \