AST-1495 Remove GSL dependency

• Use latest schaapcommon and avoid using all modules, so there is no dependency on the fitters anymore and therefore no dependency on GSL.
• Use EveryBeam 0.5.6, which also uses the latest schaapcommon and no longer needs GSL.
• Use new casacore wheel images from quay.io. This way, the build works everywhere again instead of only on DAS-6.
• Use docker ARGuments instead of ENVironment variables.
• Avoid patching template docker files: Pass build arguments instead.
• Build wheels for Python 3.7 - 3.12 instead of 3.6 - 3.10.
• Python 3.11 and 3.12 still give issues with AOFlagger, which should be fixed in https://jira.skatelescope.org/browse/AST-1517