AST-933 Add sphinx documentation

This builds sphinx documentation for a subset of C++ classes and python classes. The python documentation is not as complete as the C++ documentation, there will be a follow-up MR to fix that.

docker/ubuntu_22_04_base

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND="noninteractive" && \
         libhdf5-dev \
         libpython3-dev \
         make \
+        ninja-build \
         python3-pip \
         wcslib-dev \
         wget \
@@ -34,8 +35,12 @@ RUN export DEBIAN_FRONTEND="noninteractive" && \
     && \
     ln -sf clang-tidy-12 /usr/bin/clang-tidy
 RUN python3 -m pip install \
+        breathe \
         cmake-format \
+        myst-parser \
         numpy \
         pytest \
         pytest-lazy-fixture \
-    ;
\ No newline at end of file
+        sphinx \
+        sphinx_rtd_theme \
+    ;