diff --git a/applications/lofar2/model/pfb_os/dsp_study_erko.txt b/applications/lofar2/model/pfb_os/dsp_study_erko.txt index 34b5b1f82b347aa6fbab38f76bf31e08df4cf6e5..baf30dad7c15f9739ca2274d23b8540498c214db 100644 --- a/applications/lofar2/model/pfb_os/dsp_study_erko.txt +++ b/applications/lofar2/model/pfb_os/dsp_study_erko.txt @@ -1145,23 +1145,74 @@ c) s-plane and z-plane X_U(e^jw) = X(exp(jw U)), w in [0:2pi> X(jwL) traverses unit circle U times -- Polyphase decomposition of H(z) [VAIDYANATHAN 4.3]: - - H(z) = H0(z^N) + H1(z^N) z^-1 + H2(z^N) z^-2 + ... + Hi(z^N) z^-i - - . Hi(z^N ) is the z-transform of h(mN + i) - . Phase i of h(n) with N - 1 zeros - - Noble identities [LYONS Fig 10.20], HARRIS 2.2.1, VAIDYANATHAN Fig 4.2.3] - . Down sampling : x[n] --> H(z^Q) --> Q:1 --> y[m], is equivalent to: x[n] --> Q:1 --> H(z) --> y[m] + The output from a filter H(z^Q) followed by a Q:1 downsampler is identical + to a Q:1 downsampler followed by a filter H(z). + . Up sampling : x[n] --> 1:Q --> H(z^Q) --> y[m], is equivalent to: H(z) --> 1:Q + . The filter H() can be FIR or IIR. + . The H(z^Q) operates at the higher rate, but has zero weights at all Q-1 + samples that will get discarded by a downsampler or inserted by an + upsampler. The filter H(z) operates at the lower rate. . H_i(z^Q) is upsampled-by-Q version of H(z), so with Q-1 zero coefficients in the H(z) power series, starting at phase i. + . If D and U are relatively prime, then they can be changed in order. + +- Polyphase decomposition of H(z) [VAIDYANATHAN 4.3, PROAKIS 10.5.2]: + + . Direct-Form FIR is first apply delay z^(-q) then apply coefficient. Fits + down sampling because coefficients are then applied at low rate. + . Transposed Direct-Form FIR is first apply coefficient, then delay z^(-q) + result. Fits up sampling because coefficients are then applied at low rate. + . Commutator direction from oldest phase (q = Q-1 at end of delay line) to + current phase (q = 0 direct path). Assume FIR delay lines are drawn from + top to bottom for phases q = 0 to Q-1 for both Direct-Form and Transposed + Direct-Form, then: + - down sampling input commutator rotates counter clockwise and yields 1 + sample every rotation, because the summation stage is combinatorial + - up sampling output commutator rotates clockwise and yields U samples + every rotation + + . Type I polyphase + + (Can also notate Hq = Eq, hq = eq) + + H(z) = E0(z^Q) + E1(z^Q) z^-1 + E2(z^Q) z^-2 + ... + E_{Q-1}(z^Q) z^-(Q-1) + + Q-1 + = sum z^(-q) Eq(z^Q) [VAIDYANATHAN Eq 4.3.7] + q=0 + + where Eq(z^Q) is the z-transform of eq[n]: + + eq[n] = h(nQ + q), +q for counter clockwise [PROAKIS + + +inf + Eq(z) = sum eq[n] z^(-n), 0 <= q <= Q - 1 + n=-inf + + - Note: For Q = 1 the Eq(z) are the single FIR coefficients in b + + . Type II polyphase, clockwise commutator: + + Q-1 + H(z) = sum z^(-(Q-1-q) Rq(z^Q) [VAIDYANATHAN Eq 4.3.7] + q=0 + + where: + rq[n] = h(nQ - q) + + Rq(z) = E_{M-1-q}(z) + + . Phase q of h(n) with Q - 1 zeros, so [VAIDYANATHAN Fig 4.3.1]: + + h[n] --> z^(-q) --> Q:1 --> eq[n] + - Fractional time delay [CROCHIERE 6.3] . Up sampling Q --> LPF --> z^(-d) --> down sampling Q yields semi allpass